Causes
Supplements
Luteďne
- Richer S, Stiles W, Statkute L, Pulido J, Frankowski J, Rudy D, Pei K, Tsipursky M, Nyland J. Optometry. 2004 Apr;75(4):216-30. Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Veterans LAST study (Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial)
In this study, visual function is improved with lutein alone or lutein together with other nutrients. [Abstract] - Richer S, Devenport J, Lang JC. Optometry. 2007 May;78(5):213-9. LAST II: Differential temporal responses of macular pigment optical density in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration to dietary supplementation with xanthophylls
Noteworthy is the observation that those individuals with lowest MPOD, and in greatest need of supplementation, were also most likely to benefit from either the lutein or the lutein plus antioxidant supplementation.[Abstract] - Zeimer M, Hense HW, Heimes B, Austermann U, Fobker M, Pauleikhoff D. Ophthalmologe. 2009 Jan;106(1):29-36. The macular pigment: short- and intermediate-term changes of macular pigment optical density following supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin and co-antioxidants. The LUNA Study
Supplementation of lutein and zeaxanthin leads to an increase of MPOD0.5 degrees . This effect outlasts the duration of intake, and 9 months after supplementation was stopped, the mean MPOD0.5 degrees was still elevated compared with baseline levels.[Abstract] - Rosenthal JM, Kim J, de Monasterio F, Thompson DJ, Bone RA, Landrum JT, de Moura FF, Khachik F, Chen H, Schleicher RL, Ferris FL 3rd, Chew EY. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Dec;47(12):5227-33. Dose-ranging study of lutein supplementation in persons aged 60 years or older
Increasing doses of lutein supplements significantly increased the serum levels of lutein and zeaxanthin, and doses up to 10 mg were safely administered. A long-term large clinical trial is necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of lutein in reducing the risk of the development of advanced AMD.[Abstract] - Krinsky NI, Landrum JT, Bone RA. Annu Rev Nutr. 2003;23:171-201. Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye
The macular region of the primate retina is yellow in color due to the presence of the macular pigment, composed of two dietary xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, and another xanthophyll, meso-zeaxanthin. The latter is presumably formed from either lutein or zeaxanthin in the retina. By absorbing blue-light, the macular pigment protects the underlying photoreceptor cell layer from light damage, possibly initiated by the formation of reactive oxygen species during a photosensitized reaction. There is ample epidemiological evidence that the amount of macular pigment is inversely associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration, an irreversible process that is the major cause of blindness in the elderly. The macular pigment can be increased in primates by either increasing the intake of foods that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, or by supplementation with lutein or zeaxanthin. Although increasing the intake of lutein or zeaxanthin might prove to be protective against the development of age-related macular degeneration, a causative relationship has yet to be experimentally demonstrated.[Abstract] - Moeller SM, Jacques PF, Blumberg JB. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5 Suppl):522S-527S. The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration
The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases.[Article] - Ribaya-Mercado JD, Blumberg JB J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6 Suppl):567S-587S. Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention
Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids found particularly in dark-green leafy vegetables and in egg yolks. hey are widely distributed in tissues and are the principal carotenoids in the eye lens and macular region of the retina. Epidemiologic studies indicating an inverse relationship between xanthophyll intake or status and both cataract and age-related macular degeneration suggest these compounds can play a protective role in the eye.[Article] - Alves-Rodrigues A, Shao A. Toxicol Lett. 2004 Apr 15;150(1):57-83. The science behind lutein
Evidence suggests that lutein consumption is inversely related to eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts.[Abstract] - Hahn A, Mang B. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2008 Aug;31(8):299-308. Lutein and eye health--current state of discussion
Due to increased life expectancy the number of people with age-related diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) will grow. Currently AMD is incurable and only a few therapeutic strategies are available. Therefore prevention becomes more important. Protective effects related to eye health are discussed for the two carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. Meanwhile both substances are offered as food supplements to a great extent. Both carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are accumulated in the retina, especially in the macula lutea. They are able to absorb blue light, which damages photoreceptors and pigmentary epithelium. Due to their antioxidative properties they can reduce changes in membrane permeability via quenching reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Research studies suppose lutein and zeaxanthin may contribute to improvement of vision in patients with AMD and other eye diseases. Based on the scientific rationale, these carotenoids may be effective in the prevention of age-related eye diseases. However, this issue has to be examined in a differentiated way.[Abstract]
Zeaxanthin
- Ma L, Lin XM. J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Jan 15;90(1):2-12. Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health
The biological mechanisms for the protective effects of these carotenoids may include powerful blue-light filtering activities and antioxidant properties. Although most studies point towards significant health benefits from lutein and zeaxanthin, further large-scale randomised supplementation trials are needed to define their effects on ocular function in health and disease.[Article] - Carpentier S, Knaus M, Suh M. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Apr;49(4):313-26. Associations between lutein, zeaxanthin, and age-related macular degeneration: an overview
Lutein and zeaxanthin are macular pigments that may play a role in reducing the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Evidence is accumulating on the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin (in whole food or supplemental form), the resulting concentrations in the serum, and tissue distribution throughout the body, particularly in the retina. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake increases serum concentrations which in turn increases macular pigment density.[Abstract] - Ma L, Lin XM. J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Jan 15;90(1):2-12. Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health
The biological mechanisms for the protective effects of these carotenoids may include powerful blue-light filtering activities and antioxidant properties. Although most studies point towards significant health benefits from lutein and zeaxanthin, further large-scale randomised supplementation trials are needed to define their effects on ocular function in health and disease.[Article]
CoQ10
- Qu J, Kaufman Y, Washington I. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Apr;50(4):1814-8. Coenzyme Q10 in the human retina
CoQ10 levels in the retina can decline by approximately 40% with age. This decline may have two consequences: a decrease in antioxidant ability and a decrease in the rate of ATP synthesis in the retina and, as such, this decline may be linked to the progression of macular degeneration.[Article] - Feher J, Kovacs B, Kovacs I, Schveoller M, Papale A, Balacco Gabrieli C. Ophthalmologica. 2005 May-Jun;219(3):154-6 Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10
These findings strongly suggested that an appropriate combination of compounds which affect mitochondrial lipid metabolism, may improve and subsequently stabilize visual functions, and it may also improve fundus alterations in patients affected by early AMD.[Abstract] - Fehér J, Kovács B, Kovács I, Schvöller M, Corrado Balacco G. Orv Hetil. 2007 Dec 2;148(48):2259-68. Metabolic therapy for early treatment of age-related macular degeneration
Recently, the metabolic therapy, a combination of omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10 and acetyl-L-carnitine has been introduced for treating early age-related macular degeneration through improving mitochondrial dysfunction, specifically improving lipid metabolism and ATP production in the retinal pigment epithelium, improving photoreceptor turnover and reducing generation of reactive oxygen species. According to a pilot study and a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial, both central visual field and visual acuity slightly improved after 3-6 months of treatment and they remained unchanged by the end of the study.[Abstract] - Blasi MA, Bovina C, Carella G, Genova ML, Jansen AM, Lenaz G, Brancato R. Ophthalmologica. 2001 Jan-Feb;215(1):51-4 Does coenzyme Q10 play a role in opposing oxidative stress in patients with age-related macular degeneration
These results support the concept that free radicals play a pathogenic role in AMD and that CoQ10 may have a protective effect.[Abstract] - Feher J, Papale A, Mannino G, Gualdi L, Balacco Gabrieli C. Ophthalmologica. 2003 Sep-Oct;217(5):351-7. Mitotropic compounds for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The metabolic approach and a pilot study
These findings suggest that the blend of ALC, PUFA, CoQ10 and vitamin E may improve retinal functions in early AMD.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
OPC
- Steigerwalt R, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Di Renzo A, Grossi MG, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Schönlau F. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Dec;25(6):537-40. Pycnogenol improves microcirculation, retinal edema, and visual acuity in early diabetic retinopathy
Pycnogenol taken at this early stage of retinopathy may enhance retinal blood circulation accompanied by regression of edema, which favorably improves vision of patients.[Abstract] - Iravani S, Zolfaghari B Res Pharm Sci. 2011 Jan;6(1):1-11. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical effects of Pinus pinaster bark extract
This herbal medication has been reported to have cardiovascular benefits, such as vasorelaxant activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity, and the ability to enhance the microcirculation by increasing capillary permeability.[Article] - Packer L, Rimbach G, Virgili F. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Sep;27(5-6):704-24. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol
PYC has been reported to have cardiovascular benefits, such as a vasorelaxant activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity, and the ability to enhance the microcirculation by increasing capillary permeability.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
Antioxidants
- Pemp B, Polska E, Karl K, Lasta M, Minichmayr A, Garhofer G, Wolzt M, Schmetterer L. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jan;51(1):2-6. Effects of antioxidants (AREDS medication) on ocular blood flow and endothelial function in an endotoxin-induced model of oxidative stress in humans
The sustained retinal vascular reaction to hyperoxia after LPS in the AREDS group indicates that antioxidants reduce oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, possibly by eliminating ROS. The model may be an attractive approach to studying the antioxidative capacity of dietary supplements for the treatment of AMD.[Article] - Moriarty-Craige SE, Adkison J, Lynn M, Gensler G, Bressler S, Jones DP, Sternberg P Jr. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Dec;140(6):1020-6. Antioxidant supplements prevent oxidation of cysteine/cystine redox in patients with age-related macular degeneration
The AREDS antioxidant supplements reduced oxidation of E(h) Cys but had no effect on GSH. Because Cys is important for cell growth, apoptosis, and immune function, the beneficial effect of antioxidant supplementation on progression to advanced AMD may be partially explained by its effect on E(h) Cys and/or its effect on Cys availability.[Abstract] - Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8
Persons older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD. Those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye, and without contraindications such as smoking, should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc such as that used in this study.[Article] - Parisi V, Tedeschi M, Gallinaro G, Varano M, Saviano S, Piermarocchi S; CARMIS Study Group. Ophthalmology. 2008 Feb;115(2):324-333.e2. Carotenoids and antioxidants in age-related maculopathy italian study: multifocal electroretinogram modifications after 1 year
In nonadvanced AMD eyes, a selective dysfunction in the central retina (0 degrees -5 degrees ) can be improved by the supplementation with carotenoids and antioxidants.[Abstract] - Rehak M, Fric E, Wiedemann P. Ophthalmologe. 2008 Jan;105(1):37-8, 40-5. Lutein and antioxidants in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration
AREDS is the largest randomized controlled study investigating the effect of supplementation of antioxidants, zinc, and copper on the progression of AMD. AREDS showed a significant effect of this supplementation in some particular groups of patients with AMD.[Abstract] - Evereklioglu C, Er H, Doganay S, Cekmen M, Turkoz Y, Otlu B, Ozerol E. Doc Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;106(2):129-36. Nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation are increased and associated with decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with age-related macular degeneration
This study demonstrated for the first time that NO, the most abundant free-radical in the body, might be implicated in the pathophysiology of ARMD in association with decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation status.[Abstract] - Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Nowak JZ. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2010 Jul 28;64:333-43. Pathogenesis and prophylaxis of AMD: focus on oxidative stress and antioxidants
This paper surveys the current concepts on the role of the oxidative stress in pathophysiology of AMD, and describes major components of the antioxidant defense system, including their use in AMD prophylaxis and therapy.[Abstract] - Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000 Sep-Oct;45(2):115-34. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
With a view to reducing oxidative damage, the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the onset and natural course of age-related macular disease is currently being evaluated.[Abstract] - Johnson EJ. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 Jan;13(1):28-33. Age-related macular degeneration and antioxidant vitamins: recent findings
Findings on the association of certain antioxidants and docosahexaenoic acid support a role for nutrition in a decreased risk of AMD. The inconsistent findings of an increased risk with increased intake of beta-carotene and vitamin E warrants continued investigation into these relationships.[Abstract] - Desmettre T, Lecerf JM, Souied EH. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004 Nov;27(9 Pt 2):3S38-56. Nutrition and age-related macular degeneration
The nutritional factors involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) include antioxidants or antioxidant cofactors: vitamins A, C, etc.; zinc, etc.; anti-free-radicals such as beta-carotene and carotenoids, including lutein and zeaxanthin; micronutrients protecting from blue light such as lutein and zeaxanthin; and finally components of the membranes of the photoreceptors docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)..[Abstract]
Zink
- Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, Elston RC, Miller E. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988 Feb;106(2):192-8. Oral zinc in macular degeneration
Although some eyes in the zinc-treated group lost vision, this group had significantly less visual loss than the placebo group after a follow-up of 12 to 24 months.[Abstract] - Newsome DA. Curr Eye Res. 2008 Jul;33(7):591-8. A randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a novel zinc-monocysteine compound in age-related macular degeneration
ZMC 25 mg twice daily was well tolerated and was associated with improved macular function in comparison to a placebo in persons with dry AMD.[Abstract] - Moriarty-Craige SE, Ha KN, Sternberg P Jr, Lynn M, Bressler S, Gensler G, Jones DP. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Feb;143(2):206-211. Epub 2006 Nov 9. Effects of long-term zinc supplementation on plasma thiol metabolites and redox status in patients with age-related macular degeneration
Although zinc supplementation had no apparent effect on plasma thiol/disulfide redox status at the first blood draw, the group of patients receiving zinc supplementation at the second blood draw had significantly less CySS compared with those not receiving zinc (54.9 vs 64.1 microM; P = .01). There was a time-dependent oxidation of the plasma GHS pool and was not affected by zinc supplementatio. aging, oxidative stress, and age-related diseases, the apparent prevention of increased CySS by zinc supplementation warrants additional investigation.[Article]
Ginkgo Biloba (extract)
- Lebuisson DA, Leroy L, Rigal G. Presse Med. 1986 Sep 25;15(31):1556-8. Treatment of senile macular degeneration with Ginkgo biloba extract. A preliminary double-blind drug vs. placebo study
Senile macular degeneration is a frequent cause of blindness for which there is no satisfactory medical treatment. A double-blind trial comparing Ginkgo biloba extract with a placebo was conducted in 10 out-patients at the Hôpital Foch. Drug effectiveness was assessed on the results of fundoscopy and of measurements of visual acuity and visual field. In spite of the small population sample, a statistically significant improvement in long distance visual acuity was observed after treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract. The assumed pathogenesis of senile macular degeneration is discussed with emphasis on free oxygenated radicals.[Abstract] - Fies P, Dienel A. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(15-16):423-6. Ginkgo extract in impaired vision--treatment with special extract EGb 761 of impaired vision due to dry senile macular degeneration
In conclusion, the results demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of Egb 761 in patients with senile, dry macular degeneration, with obvious benefits in every-day lif.[Abstract] - Rhone M, Basu A. Nutr Rev. 2008 Aug;66(8):465-72. Phytochemicals and age-related eye diseases
Cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are common causes of blindness in the elderly population of the United States. Additional risk factors include obesity, smoking, and inadequate antioxidant status. Phytochemicals, as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, may help prevent or delay the progression of these eye diseases. Observational and clinical trials support the safety of higher intakes of the phytochemicals lutein and zeaxanthin and their association with reducing risks of cataracts in healthy postmenopausal women and improving clinical features of AMD in patients. Additional phytochemicals of emerging interest, like green tea catechins, anthocyanins, resveratrol, and Ginkgo biloba, shown to ameliorate ocular oxidative stress, deserve more attention in future clinical trials.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
Nutrition
- Goodrow EF, Wilson TA, Houde SC, Vishwanathan R, Scollin PA, Handelman G, Nicolosi RJ. J Nutr. 2006 Oct;136(10):2519-24. Consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults without altering serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations
These findings indicate that in older adults, 5 wk of consuming 1 egg/d significantly increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations without elevating serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.[Article] - Clemons TE, Milton RC, Klein R, Seddon JM, Ferris FL 3rd; Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group Ophthalmology. 2005 Apr;112(4):533-9. Risk factors for the incidence of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) AREDS report no. 19
Results suggest that, among persons with early or intermediate AMD, smoking and BMI are modifiable factors associated with progression to advanced AMD, and suggest other associations (e.g., use of antacids and antiinflammatory medications) that warrant further study. This article contains additional online-only material available at http://www.ophsource.org/periodicals/ophtha.[Article]
.[Abstract]
SITE MAP
Maagdarmstoornissen: Candida infectie - Prikkelbaredarmsyndroom - Crohn - Colitus Ulcerosa - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Hart- en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Spataderen - Levensverlenging: 100 jaren jong - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Bot en gewrichtsaandoeningen: - Artrose - Artritis - Osteoporose - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegaandoeningen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Vrouwenklachten: Menopauze - Premenstrueelsyndroom - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Oogaandoeningen: Staar - Slecht zien Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Depressie
Maagdarmstoornissen: Candida infectie - Prikkelbaredarmsyndroom - Crohn - Colitus Ulcerosa - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Hart- en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Spataderen - Levensverlenging: 100 jaren jong - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Bot en gewrichtsaandoeningen: - Artrose - Artritis - Osteoporose - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegaandoeningen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Vrouwenklachten: Menopauze - Premenstrueelsyndroom - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Oogaandoeningen: Staar - Slecht zien Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Depressie
